Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply to the upstream apr package. There is no fixed version for Debian:8 shadow.
This issue became much more relevant in approximately December 2019 when an unrelated bug was fixed (i.e., the chmod calls to suidusbins were fixed in the upstream Makefile which is now included in the release version 4.8). This combination leads to account management tools (groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, useradd, userdel, usermod) that can easily be used by unprivileged local users to escalate privileges to root in multiple ways. Specifically, this affects shadow 4.8 when compiled using -with-libpam but without explicitly passing -disable-account-tools-setuid, and without a PAM configuration suitable for use with setuid account management tools. Shadow 4.8, in certain circumstances affecting at least Gentoo, Arch Linux, and Void Linux, allows local users to obtain root access because setuid programs are misconfigured. Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply to the upstream shadow package. There is no fixed version for Debian:8 sqlite3.
This is a different vulnerability than CVE-2018-20346.
SQLite before 3.25.3, when the FTS3 extension is enabled, encounters an integer overflow (and resultant buffer overflow) for FTS3 queries in a "merge" operation that occurs after crafted changes to FTS3 shadow tables, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging the ability to run arbitrary SQL statements (such as in certain WebSQL use cases). Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply to the upstream sqlite3 package.